Called a quantum Cheshire Cat, based on the disappearing cat from Alice in Wonderland, the new theoretical state was defined by separating a photon from its polarization. "In the curious way of quantum mechanics, photon polarization may exist where there is no photon at all," explained researchers working on the project at Tel Aviv University and Chapman University.
To prove their theory researchers have proposed an experiment. In the theoretical experiment researchers show that a photon inserted into an interferometer will travel through the device's left arm with absolute certainty. While travelling, however, the photon's polarization would be detected in the right arm of the machine. In essence, the photon and its property are dislocated during the experiment.
While all that is more than a little confusing, researchers believe their experiment will prove their theory. In fact, the project team feels confident enough to say that Cheshire Cats might be a function of electrons and entire atoms as well.
For now, researchers are hoping to see their delicate experiment happen in short order.
But what does this all mean?
According to Prof. Jeff Tollaksen of the Institute of Quantum Studies, “Discoveries in fundamental physics often lead to new industries: from electricity to smartphones to satellites. Quantum physics resulted in technological advances that drive our economy, such as the entire computer revolution, electronics, and the nuclear power industry." Tollaksen drove his point home by noting, "Experts therefore estimate that nearly half the wealth created in the 20th century arose from quantum physics."
Whether Cheshire Cats inspire the next technological revolution, only time will tell. What is for certain is quantum mechanic's ability to confound our notions of reality with its many, many mysteries.